This Week's Question: Glaucoma runs in my family. Is there a cure for it yet?
Unfortunately, there is no cure for glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness in the United States.
Any vision that glaucoma
destroys cannot be restored. Early diagnosis of glaucoma is extremely
important, because there are treatments that may save remaining vision.
Almost three million people in the U.S. have glaucoma. Those at
highest risk are African-Americans, everyone over age 60, and people
with a family history of glaucoma.
Glaucoma is defined as a group of diseases that can damage the eye's optic nerve, which carries images from the eye to the brain. Here's how glaucoma works:
A clear fluid flows through a small space at the front of the eye
called the "anterior chamber." If you have glaucoma, the fluid drains
too slowly out of the eye and pressure builds up. This pressure may
damage the optic nerve.
However, increased eye pressure doesn't necessarily mean you have
glaucoma. It means you are at risk for glaucoma. A person has glaucoma
only if the optic nerve is damaged.
Glaucoma can develop in one or both eyes. The most common type of
glaucoma starts out with no symptoms. Without treatment, people with
glaucoma will slowly lose their peripheral vision. Eventually, the
middle of your vision field may decrease until you are blind.
Glaucoma is just one reason seniors should make regular visits to an
eye doctor. Glaucoma is detected through a comprehensive eye exam that
includes a visual acuity test, visual field test, dilated eye exam,
tonometry, and pachymetry.
A visual acuity test measures vision at various distances. A visual
field test measures peripheral vision. In a dilated eye exam, a special
magnifying lens is used to examine the inside of the eye. In tonometry,
an instrument measures the pressure inside the eye. With pachymetry, an
instrument is used to measure the thickness of your cornea, the
transparent part of the front of the eye.
The most common treatments for glaucoma are medication and surgery.
Medications for glaucoma may come in eye drops or pills. For most
people with glaucoma, regular use of medications will control the
increased fluid pressure.
Laser surgery
is another treatment for glaucoma. The laser is focused on the part of
the anterior chamber where the fluid leaves the eye. This makes it
easier for fluid to exit the eye. Over time, the effect of this surgery
may wear off. Patients who have laser surgery may need to keep taking
glaucoma drugs.
Studies have shown that the early detection and treatment of
glaucoma is the best way to control the disease. So, have your eyes
examined thoroughly and regularly if you are in a high-risk category.
And that includes all of us geezers.
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The Healthy Geezer column publishes each Wednesday on LiveScience. If you would like to ask a question, please write What You Should Know About Glaucoma
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