August 2009

What You Should Know About Glaucoma (LiveScience.com)

This Week's Question: Glaucoma runs in my family. Is there a cure for it yet?

Unfortunately, there is no cure for glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness in the United States.

Any vision that glaucoma
destroys cannot be restored. Early diagnosis of glaucoma is extremely
important, because there are treatments that may save remaining vision.

Almost three million people in the U.S. have glaucoma. Those at
highest risk are African-Americans, everyone over age 60, and people
with a family history of glaucoma.

Glaucoma is defined as a group of diseases that can damage the eye's optic nerve, which carries images from the eye to the brain. Here's how glaucoma works:

A clear fluid flows through a small space at the front of the eye
called the "anterior chamber." If you have glaucoma, the fluid drains
too slowly out of the eye and pressure builds up. This pressure may
damage the optic nerve.

However, increased eye pressure doesn't necessarily mean you have
glaucoma. It means you are at risk for glaucoma. A person has glaucoma
only if the optic nerve is damaged.

Glaucoma can develop in one or both eyes. The most common type of
glaucoma starts out with no symptoms. Without treatment, people with
glaucoma will slowly lose their peripheral vision. Eventually, the
middle of your vision field may decrease until you are blind.

Glaucoma is just one reason seniors should make regular visits to an
eye doctor. Glaucoma is detected through a comprehensive eye exam that
includes a visual acuity test, visual field test, dilated eye exam,
tonometry, and pachymetry.

A visual acuity test measures vision at various distances. A visual
field test measures peripheral vision. In a dilated eye exam, a special
magnifying lens is used to examine the inside of the eye. In tonometry,
an instrument measures the pressure inside the eye. With pachymetry, an
instrument is used to measure the thickness of your cornea, the
transparent part of the front of the eye.

The most common treatments for glaucoma are medication and surgery.
Medications for glaucoma may come in eye drops or pills. For most
people with glaucoma, regular use of medications will control the
increased fluid pressure.

Laser surgery
is another treatment for glaucoma. The laser is focused on the part of
the anterior chamber where the fluid leaves the eye. This makes it
easier for fluid to exit the eye. Over time, the effect of this surgery
may wear off. Patients who have laser surgery may need to keep taking
glaucoma drugs.

Studies have shown that the early detection and treatment of
glaucoma is the best way to control the disease. So, have your eyes
examined thoroughly and regularly if you are in a high-risk category.
And that includes all of us geezers.

Types of Eye Disease
Video - Implant Helps Blind Cats See
New Eye Implant Clears Cloudy Vision

The Healthy Geezer column publishes each Wednesday on LiveScience. If you would like to ask a question, please write What You Should Know About Glaucoma
LiveScience.com chronicles the daily advances and innovations made in science and technology. We take on the misconceptions that often pop up around scientific discoveries and deliver short, provocative explanations with a certain wit and style. Check out our science videos, Trivia & Quizzes and Top 10s. Join our community to debate hot-button issues like stem cells, climate change and evolution. You can also sign up for free newsletters, register for RSS feeds and get cool gadgets at the LiveScience Store.

It's nuts! Squirrel becomes a Web sensation (AFP)

WASHINGTON (AFP) –
There's a squirrel popping up all over the Internet.

The rodent first made its appearance in a holiday photo taken by an American couple in Canada and has gone on to become a Web sensation.

Melissa Brandts and her husband, Jackson, of Minneapolis, Minnesota, were taking a time delay picture of themselves in front of a lake at Canada's Banff National Park when the squirrel jumped into the frame.

Melissa Brandts submitted the picture to National Geographic's "Your Shot" photo gallery with an explanation of how the unusual picture came about.

"We had our camera set up on some rocks and were getting ready to take the picture when this curious little ground squirrel appeared, became intrigued with the sound of the focusing camera and popped right into our shot!"

"A once in a lifetime moment! We were laughing about this little guy for days!!"

The holiday photo has since gone viral on the Internet and websites such as "The Squirrelizer" have sprung up in which the photo of the squirrel can be inserted into any picture.

The squirrel even has its own page on Facebook created by Melissa Brandts with more than 2,000 members at last count.

Kin of victims: Release of terrorist 'sickening' (AP)

HADDONFIELD, N.J. – Some stared at their televisions in disbelief. Others were too furious to process the news.
More than two decades after a terrorist bomb blew a Pan Am jetliner out of the sky, victims' relatives watched in anger as the only man ever convicted in the attack boarded another flight to his freedom in Libya, then arrived home to a hero's welcome.
"This is not fair to the families," said Stan Maslowski, whose 30-year-old daughter Diane was returning from London for Christmas when Flight 103 went down on Dec. 21, 1988. "This shows a terrorist can get away with murder."
Maslowski and his wife, Norma, turned on the TV at their Haddonfield home to watch the developments. "You get that lump in your throat and you feel like you're going to throw up," Norma Maslowski said.
Abdel Baset al-Megrahi was released Thursday after serving eight years of a minimum 27-year sentence in Scottish prison. Scottish officials said the former Libyan intelligence officer has advanced prostate cancer and was given only months to live. They said they were bound by Scottish values to release him.
"He got on the plane looking fairly ill, and he got off the plane looking like he could do a dance," said Joanne Hartunian of Delmar, N.Y., who lost her daughter Lynne, a student at the State University of New York at Oswego. "It just made me physically ill."
"It brought it all back to Day One," Hartunian said. "I thought we had gotten past that horrible, horrible pain that we felt, but I felt the same pain today."
Many struggled to explain their feelings.
"It's appalling, disgusting and so sickening I can hardly find words to describe it," said Susan Cohen, of Cape May Court House, N.J., whose 20-year-old daughter Theodora died in the attack. "Lockerbie looks like it never happened now — there isn't anybody in prison for it."
The bombing turned the families of some of the 270 victims into activists who became deeply versed in terrorism policy, international relations, airline security and victim compensation.
The families, which organized as Victims of Pan Am Flight 103, have evolved from communicating through phone trees to keeping in touch through Facebook.
From the beginning, many were bitter that neither the United States nor other nations spoke out more strongly about the attack, although the White House on Thursday said Scotland should not have released him.
President Barack Obama called the release a mistake and urged the Libyan government to place al-Megrahi under house arrest.
Cohen and other relatives said they believe al-Megrahi was released to appease Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi because access to his nation's oil is so important.
Thursday's release is likely the end of the legal saga.
"Twenty years later, this is the last sad chapter where government leaders have no moral backbone," said Bert Ammerman of River Vale, whose brother Tom was killed on the flight.
Still, the victims group intends to go on. They planned a conference call Friday to discuss what to do next, and expect to join protests next month when Gadhafi is scheduled to visit New York, said Bob Monetti, whose brother was on the flight.
Monetti said he was disappointed but not surprised by the welcome al-Megrahi received in Libya. He hopes as many people will come out to protest Gadhafi in New York as came out to celebrate al-Megrahi's return home.

Peter Sullivan, a college roommate of victim Mike Doyle, said the criminal case does not have to end.

"I would like to see the United States expeditiously indict al-Megrahi and seek his extradition for trial in the U.S. for the murder of 189 innocent Americans," said Sullivan, of Akron, Ohio.

But not all the relatives thought the release was wrong.

"This is just one little thing that says this is not going to hurt any of us for him to be released and go die with his family," said Caroline Stevens of Little Rock, Ark., whose son Sandy Phillips died in the bombing. "We've got to look at one another in a more compassionate way and not rely on war and revenge and all that."

Ann Rogers said she had not been aware that al-Megrahi was close to getting his freedom. Her 21-year-old daughter died in the bombing.

"We haven't thought about him in a long time," said Rogers, of Olney, Md. "Whatever happens to him, the bottom line is Luann's still gone."

___

Associated Press writers Deepti Hajela in New York; John Raby in Charleston, W.Va.; Jessica M. Pasko and Mary Esch in Albany, N.Y; Jim Hannah in Dayton, Ohio; Shawn Marsh and Beth DeFalco in Trenton, N.J.; Brian Witte in Annapolis, Md.; Sarah Karush in Washington; Blake Nicholson in Bismark, N.D.; Dan Nephin in Pittsburgh; Aaron Morrison in Baltimore; Matt Sedensky in Miami; and Chuck Bartels in Little Rock, Ark., contributed to this article.

Mom, 80, shoots at deputies as son hides in closet (AP)

JACKSON, Tenn. – An 80-year-old West Tennessee woman and her son are being held in jail after deputies said she shot at them when they came to arrest the man. Sheriff Melvin Bond said the elderly woman fired several shots at officers Friday night in a standoff that began when deputies tried to capture her 60-year-old son.
The Jackson Sun quoted Bond who said four deputies went to the woman's mobile home on a tip that her son was there. Bond said officers heard the man talking inside the trailer and — when they knocked on the door — the woman opened it, slammed it shut and fired a shot through it.
The deputies took cover and, during the hour-long standoff, two more shots were fired through the door.
There were no injuries. The man was found hiding in a closet.
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Information from: The Jackson Sun, http://www.jacksonsun.com

Club Management Software

Computer software is so called to distinguish it from computer hardware, which encompasses the physical interconnections and devices required to store and execute (or run) the software. At the lowest level, software consists of a machine language specific to an individual processor. A machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions that change the state of the computer from its preceding state. Software is an ordered sequence of instructions for changing the state of the computer hardware in a particular sequence. It is usually written in high-level programming languages that are easier and more efficient for humans to use (closer to natural language) than machine language. High-level languages are compiled or interpreted into machine language object code. Software may also be written in an assembly language, essentially, a mnemonic representation of a machine language using a natural language alphabet. Assembly language must be assembled into object code via an assembler.

The term "software" was first used in this sense by John W. Tukey in 1958. In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all computer programs. The theory that is the basis for most modern software was first proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem.

Club Management Software

Mich. residents voice opposition to Gitmo inmates (AP)

STANDISH, Mich. – Opponents dominated a public meeting Thursday on moving terrorism suspects from Guantanamo Bay to a prison in this small town, many accusing President Barack Obama of making Michigan a target for killer jihadists.
Nearly every speaker during the two-hour gathering, which opponents organized, denounced the idea — many arguing that the 229 detainees should remain where they are, despite Obama's pledge to close the Guantanamo complex by 2010.
"They are enemy combatants," said Tom Kerrins, chief steward for the union representing prison workers at Standish Maximum Correctional Facility. "They want to kill you, they want to kill me, they want to kill our families."
Despite the one-sided tenor of the meeting, some officials in the town of 1,500 said in interviews that a "silent majority" of local residents would accept the detainees in order to save the prison, which is scheduled to close this year because of state budget cuts.
The prison provides about 300 jobs, making it the top employer in the rural community about 145 miles north of Detroit where the jobless rate exceeds 17 percent. It covers about 25 percent of the municipal budget with payments for water and sewer service.
"I'm hearing mixed feelings, but most of the people I'm talking to are for it," said Lester Cousineau Jr., a city councilman. "If that prison closes, we're done."
Kerrins, though, said that federal guards — not the existing state crew — likely would staff the prison if Guantanamo detainees came.
A federal delegation toured the Standish lockup last week to assess its suitability. White House spokesman Robert Gibbs said Wednesday no similar visits had been made to other prisons but insisted that didn't mean Standish was the only option on the table.
"No final decision has been made," Gibbs said, adding that "we're evaluating a facility that many of those locals believe would be a good fit and provide gainful employment."
A military penitentiary at Fort Leavenworth, Kan., also has been considered to house the suspected al-Qaida, Taliban and foreign fighters currently at Guantanamo.
Thursday's meeting at Resurrection of the Lord Catholic Church was organized by Dave Munson, the owner of a local bar and restaurant, with help from members of ACT! for America, a group that warns about the threat of radical Islam. The crowd was a mixture of local residents and out-of-town visitors.
They mostly filled the church sanctuary, many holding placards with slogans such as "Not in my back yard, Not in my front yard, Not in my country." Several uniformed police officers stood in the back, but the group was well-behaved.
An invited panel spoke against bringing the detainees to Michigan. One speaker was Debra Burlingame, the sister of the pilot whose plane was hijacked and crashed into the Pentagon during the 2001 terrorist attacks.
While some in the audience voiced concern about the detainees escaping into the community, others acknowledged that was unlikely. A bigger fear was that they would inspire attacks in Michigan from sleeper terrorist cells. Critics also said their presence would scare away tourists and depress property values.
"I'll never sell my house," said Kelly Kimball, 46, a former Arenac County commissioner who lives two miles from the prison. "It'll be like a ghost town around here."
Still others objected to closing Guantanamo at all.
"We already have a place for them, it works fine," said Michael LeVafour, 49, a laid-off construction worker from the Detroit suburb of Livonia. "It's crazy to bring them here and think it's going to make the world like us more."
Brent Snelgrove, who runs a Standish car dealership, said he could accept the Guantanamo detainees if adequate provisions were made for public safety. He said foes' dire warnings reminded him of the "hysteria" that arose before the state prison was opened two decades ago.

"It turned out to be a good neighbor," Snelgrove said.

Citizens want to know if SC gov can focus on job (AP)

GREENVILLE, S.C. – Even South Carolina Gov. Mark Sanford's supporters are asking if he can remain focused on state business during his final 16 months in office.
In June, the married Republican admitted a yearlong affair with an Argentine woman he has called his soul mate. He took a secret trip to Argentina to see her but told his staff he was hiking the Appalachian Trail.
Now Sanford is making his way across the state, apologizing to constituents at Rotary Club meetings and asking community leaders for advice for the next legislative session. They want to know if he's up to the task of continuing to govern.
"I supported you at the ballot box. I supported you with my pocket book," said Jon Rogers, a financial consultant and member of the Greenville Rotary Club, which hosted Sanford on Thursday. "I think the question that you've got to answer ... is whether or not you can stay focused on your job and tasks."
Sanford, who acknowledges his political ambitions were dashed by the affair but says he intends to finish his term, told Rogers he would have quit already if he didn't believe he could keep working in the state's best interests. The governor is in his second term and cannot run for office again.
"Every one of us gets broken sooner or later in life," Sanford said. "I am very, very much committed to focus on the job at hand."
Last month, the Sanfords and their four sons took a two-week European vacation in hopes of mending their family. Several days after they returned, Jenny Sanford moved out of the governor's official residence in Columbia, taking the couple's children to the family's home near Charleston for the school year. The two have said they are working on their marriage.
Sanford is also facing questions after an Associated Press investigation revealed he used state aircraft for personal and partisan political trips. Attorney General Henry McMaster and legislators have called on the South Carolina Ethics Commission to investigate.
Sanford said Thursday that the media continue to bring up the affair while he tries to focus on his goals of government restructuring.
"If I say, look, I want to apologize ... I may talk about something else for the next 45 minutes, but the story is, well, he's once again still apologizing," said Sanford, who several moments later did say he was sorry to several dozen Rotary Club members.
Another luncheon attendee questioned Sanford's ability to effectively lead South Carolina's fiscal conservatives, whose support twice carried him into office. Before news of the affair broke, Sanford had spent months railing against President Barack Obama's federal stimulus package, fighting with his own legislature over whether to take some of the money available to the state.
"You're not serving the higher purpose, by remaining in office," said Ron Mason, who works in real estate. "The messenger has been shot and is bloodied on the floor. And the message of conservatism that you've stood for seems to be suffering."
Sanford replied that the message he represents is unsullied by his own shortcomings.
"I do believe in this notion of redemption, forgiveness, rebirth, hope and growth," Sanford said. "I'm a broken person. ... God can use broken people."

Italian police fine tourist wanting to cool off in fountain (AFP)

ROME (AFP) –
A Polish tourist must pay a 160-euro (225-dollar) fine after he got a bit too close to one of the fountains in the Italian city of Florence, police said Monday.

"The officers spotted him as he was preparing to climb the fountain. But they arrived in time to make him get down," a police official told AFP.

When the police had the would-be mountaineer on firm ground, he claimed he was too hot and simply wanted to cool off in the famous Fountain of Neptune, just a short distance from Michelangelo's David and the Uffizi Gallery.

"It happens quite often that people want to swim in this fountain, but usually we can catch them before anything happens," the official said.

The fountain, made up of various marble statues, has suffered a lot of damage since it was built in the 16th century.

The last act of vandalism occurred in August 2005 when a young man tried to climb the main statue and snapped off a hand.

Controllers: NTSB report on Hudson collision wrong (AP)

WASHINGTON – Union leaders argue that federal safety officials made a mistake in implying that an air traffic controller could have prevented a mid-air collision over the Hudson River.
National Air Traffic Controllers Union officials said the federal officials erred in saying a controller at Teterboro Airport in New Jersey who was handling a small plane failed to warn its pilot there were other aircraft in his path. Minutes later the plane and a helicopter collided and plunged into the Hudson, killing nine people.
Union officials said a federal agency later noted that the helicopter didn't appear on the Teterboro controller's radar screen until 7 seconds after the controller handed off responsibility to Newark and told the pilot to contact the airport.

Hurricane Bill forms; Guillermo weakens (AP)

MIAMI – Hurricane Bill has formed in the Atlantic, the first hurricane of this year's Atlantic hurricane season.
Meanwhile, Hurricane Guillermo has weakened to a tropical storm far out in the Pacific.
Hurricane Bill's maximum sustained winds are near 75 mph. The National Hurricane Center expects Bill to get stronger and could become a major hurricane by Wednesday.
Bill is centered about 1,160 miles east of the Lesser Antilles and is moving quickly west-northwest near 22 mph.
Elsewhere, Tropical Guillermo's maximum sustained winds are near 70 mph with the storm expected to continue weakening. Guillermo is centered about 815 miles east of Hilo, Hawaii, and moving west-northwest near 15 mph.
THIS IS A BREAKING NEWS UPDATE. Check back soon for further information. AP's earlier story is below.
PENSACOLA BEACH, Fla. (AP) — Tropical Storm Claudette made landfall on the Florida Panhandle near Fort Walton Beach early Monday, making it the first named storm to hit the U.S. mainland this year.
Even before its arrival, Claudette dumped heavy rains in some areas Sunday. But it was not expected to cause significant flooding or wind damage.
Claudette's maximum sustained winds upon making landfall were near 50 mph. But the storm was expected to weaken as it moved over land. Forecasters said it would probably become a tropical depression later in the day.
The storm was moving northwest near 12 mph on a track expected to take it over the western portion of the Florida Panhandle and into southern Alabama.
A day before Claudette's arrival, condominiums on Pensacola Beach warned residents to bring balcony furniture indoors. Earlier Sunday, a trickle of cars and SUVs with surfboards on top headed east along the Panhandle as surfers were catching waves whipped up by Claudette.
On Pensacola Beach, the National Park Service closed low-lying roads that connect the restaurants and hotels to the undeveloped National Seashore and historic Fort Pickens Fort. The Park Service said campers would be ordered to leave the area because of the likelihood of the road flooding.
Rainfall of 3 to 6 inches was expected, with isolated areas getting up to 10 inches along the Panhandle, the Big Bend region, central and southern Alabama and southwestern Georgia, forecasters said.
"We may see some heavy rains as a result, but we don't expect any high winds or coastal flooding," said John Dosh, manager of Emergency Management. "This event is a good example of how quickly a tropical storm can develop. We won't always have a lot of warning. This is why citizens need to be prepared throughout hurricane season."
In Panama City, the Bay County Emergency Operations Center opened a shelter at a local high school for residents of low-lying areas and people with special needs.
A tropical storm warning covered most of the Panhandle, from the Alabama state line to the Suwanee River more than 300 miles to the east.
The storm tide was expected to produce maximum water levels of 3 to 5 feet along portions of the Panhandle.
Alexander Hanrahan, a tourist from London, watched Claudette roll into Pensacola. He said his family feared the storm after watching the television in their beach-front condominium.

"We were actually deliberating whether to get out on the road, but when we got out it was nothing. My mom was nervous because she's not used to driving here anyway," Hanrahan said.

Austin Dunleavy, a tourist from Dublin, Ireland, said he also was frightened by news of the storm Sunday night.

"In Ireland, it rains all the time, so I'm used to that," he said. "But there are no storms like this. If this was a hurricane, I'd be packing my bags right now."

Pensacola Beach is still recovering from Hurricane Ivan, which devastated the western Florida Panhandle and parts of Alabama in 2004.

Meanwhile, Tropical Storm Bill was intensifying far from land in the open Atlantic and could become a hurricane Monday. It had sustained winds of 70 mph late Sunday. Category 1 hurricanes have winds between 74 and 95 mph.

Elsewhere, Tropical Depression Ana was moving into the northeastern Caribbean Sea early Monday. It was expected to make landfall as a depression at the Leeward Islands. Watches were posted for Puerto Rico, the U.S. and British Virgin Islands, Antigua, St. Maarten and several other islands in the area. Ana was forecast to bring 2 to 4 inches of rain.

In the Pacific, Hurricane Guillermo continued to weaken with winds dropping to 75 mph. Guillermo was moving at 15 mph on a track that would take it well away from the Hawaiian Islands, forecasters said.

Despite the storms, a warmer weather pattern called El Nino over the Pacific Ocean is generally expected to damper the formation of tropical storms in the Caribbean and Atlantic this year, said Brian Daly, a meteorologist with the national weather service in Mobile, Ala.

Forecasters revised their Atlantic hurricane season predictions after the first two months of the season passed without any named storms developing.

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Associated Press writer Desiree Hunter in Atlanta contributed to this report.